Journal of Asia Pacific Aesthetic Sciences

Pigmentary disorders, which include hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, and/or depigmentation, comprise a critical area of dermatologic concern. They may be potentially linked to or provide clues about systemic involvement, underlying health issues, or the significant psychosocial burden experienced by affected individuals. Such conditions can affect all genders, from pediatric to geriatric patients, and in terms of pathophysiology, they encompass genetic components, environmental influences (e.g., sun exposure), as well as internal (e.g., underlying diseases) and external (e.g., medications) contributory factors.

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